Welcome to Finance World

Last Sunday, I reviewed the major credit cards that give you cash rebates once a year, linked to your spending.

Readers were quick to suggest some great deals I missed.

The no-fee Citi Enrich MasterCard provides 1 per cent cash back on all your spending. The maximum rebate is $250 a year.

With a no-fee Canadian Tire Cash Advantage MasterCard, you also get 1 per cent cash back on all spending. But on all purchases at Canadian Tire stores and gas bars and Mark’s Work Wearhouse, you get a rebate of 2 per cent.

This week, I want to talk about credit cards that give you discounts on life’s essentials – such as groceries, gas and new cars.

When it comes to groceries, the no-fee President’s Choice Financial MasterCard provides 10 points for each dollar spent on the card.

Once you get 20,000 points, you can redeem them for $20 in free groceries at participating supermarkets where PC products are sold. That’s a 1 per cent rebate on all your spending.

Laurentian Bank has a no-fee Visa Black Reward Me card. You get one point for each dollar spent, which you can redeem for gift cheques at 30 participating merchants. For example, with 2,600 points (or $2,600 in spending), you can get a $20 Starbucks card. With 3,250 points (or $3,250 in spending), you can get a $25 card for M&M Meat Shops.

Gasoline discounts are a big draw ever since prices hit $1 a litre. With Laurentian Bank’s Visa Black Reward Me, you can get a $25 Esso card with $3,250 in spending.

Canadian Tire has a no-fee Gas Advantage MasterCard, which gives a discount of 10 cents a litre at company gas bars if you spend $2,000 or more in a billing cycle.

That 10-cent-a-litre gas discount used to be available with more than $1,000 in monthly spending until July 1, 2008. That’s when the rules were changed.

Now you get eight cents a litre off gas if you charge more than $1,000 (and less than $2,000) to your card in a billing cycle, five cents a litre with $500+ monthly purchases and two cents a litre with purchases of up to $500 (instant pay day loan).

To save money on a new car — specifically, a GM vehicle – check out the no-fee GM Visa card offered by TD Bank.

This card gives you 3 per cent in earnings. For example, if you spend $2,000 each month, you will contribute $60 a month toward the purchase price or lease down payment on a GM car or truck, up to $720 a year.

The no-fee Citi Driver’s Edge Platinum MasterCard has a lower benefit level, but more flexibility. You get 2 per cent cash rebates on any new or used car, truck, motorcycle, motor home or all-terrain vehicle you buy or lease in Canada up to $5,000.

You may be confused about which credit card to get. How do you compare rewards, interest rates, annual fees and insurance benefits (such as trip interruption coverage or collision damage waivers on rented vehicles)?

The Financial Consumer Agency of Canada has an online Credit Card Interactive Tool at www.moneytools.ca, a good place to go to start your comparisons. (There are also links to the credit card companies’ websites.)

Next week, we’ll check out a product marketed heavily by many card issuers. Is credit balance insurance worth buying?

Clarification: BMO’s Premium Cashback Reward option on its Mosaik MasterCard provides a 3 per cent rebate at Shell gas stations (not 2 per cent, as I wrote last week).

Ellen Roseman’s column appears Wednesday, Saturday and Sunday. eroseman@thestar.ca

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If you want to see how America’s credit crisis is hitting the streets of your hometown, go to your local car dealer. Auto dealers depend on credit. They need it to run their stores and their customers need it to buy their products. From every angle, credit trouble hurts.

"I’m talking to dealers every day who are just hanging on," said Denny Fitzpatrick, Chairman of the California New Car Dealers Association and owner of Fitzpatrick Chevrolet Hummer in Concord, Calif.

There could be 300 to 400 fewer auto dealerships in America by the end of the year, predicted Paul Taylor, an economist with the National Automobile Dealers Association. In an ordinary year of economic growth, the industry adds 75 to 150 dealers, he said.

High gas prices that have turned buyers away from large trucks and SUVs - and all but obliterated Hummer sales - have hurt his business, but Fitzpatrick thinks tight credit is doing even more damage.

"We’re seeing people with Beacon scores that are pretty darned good," Fitzpatrick said, "and the finance companies are just looking for reasons to turn them down."

Not every car dealer sees the situation as that dire. John McEleney, president of McEleney Autocenter in Clinton, Iowa and vice chairman of the National Automobile Dealers Association, says he understands that things are hard, but his business is holding up fairly well.

McEleney owns several dealerships and sells several General Motors brands as well as Hyundai and Toyota cars and trucks.

"Probably the most direct effect for me has been availability of retail financing for my customers," said McEleney.

So far his customers can still get auto loans, McEleney said, but they may need a bigger down payment.

"I wouldn’t say it’s that dramatic, yet," he said.

Fortunately for him, McEleney said, Iowa didn’t experience the run-up in home prices other parts of the nation did, including California. That’s means it hasn’t experienced the home equity crash, either.

In most of the country, the collapse of the housing market has left consumers without the low-cost home equity loans that drove car sales in recent years. Also, the drain of home equity has left potential customers feeling poor, said NADA economist Paul Taylor. That, as much as the actual loss of low-interest credit, has hurt car sales.

With sales down, auto dealers who carry large inventories are experiencing their own credit squeeze.

"The cost of doing business is going up," said Mike Jackson, chief executive of AutoNation, the country’s largest car dealership chain. "Especially on floorplanning with domestics."

"Floorplanning" is the line of credit dealers use to pay for their inventory. Domestic-brand auto dealers who carry large inventories will be among the first to die, Jackson predicts.

Floorplan loans become burdensome the longer cars go unsold. For the first three months a car is in inventory, interest on the floorplan loan is usually reimbursed by the manufacturer. Later, if a vehicle is still there after about six months, finance companies can start demanding payment on the principal on the loan.

As credit markets have tightened, GMAC and Chrysler Credit have raised interest rates and what are called "curtailment" costs, the cost of having vehicles in inventory for a long time, according to reports in the industry newspaper Automotive News. (GMAC and Chrysler credit would not confirm those reports.)

"When you’re scrambling with cash flow like this, it’s ‘How are we going to pay these costs?’" said California dealer Fitzpatrick, who finances his inventory through GMAC.

Many dealers have learned to operate with leaner inventories, said Iowa’s McEleney.

"When a dealer is called upon to pay down $100,000 to $200,000 in inventory they have to look to other outlets," said McEleney. Those other "other outlets," other credit sources to draw from to pay curtailment costs, are no longer easily accessible, he said.

Finance companies have an incentive not to squeeze high-performing dealers too hard, McEleney said. Pushing away a good car dealer means driving away a lot of potential consumer auto loans.

"Historically, that’s been a very desirable piece of business from a lender’s standpoint," he said.

That gives big, multi-store dealers more bargaining clout with lenders, said NADA economist Taylor. For example, Asbury Automotive, a large national dealer chain, recently announced that it had locked in a line of credit with several banks. Smaller dealers can’t do that and their interest rates have been fluctuating widely, said Taylor.

Squeezing dealers on curtailment costs can be a way for manufactures and their affiliated auto finance companies to weed out dealers they see as underperforming, Fitzpatrick said. GMAC has been scrutinizing his dealership’s finances more closely, he said. (GMAC could not immediately comment on Fitzpatrick’s complaints. A spokewoman for General Motors said GM plays no role in floorplan financing.)

"The big question is ‘Who’s going to be left standing?" he said. 

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The United States needs to act urgently to shield its economy from an escalating credit crisis and Europe must ready plans in case its problems worsen, the head of the International Monetary Fund said on Tuesday.

“We’re right at the moment where action is needed,” IMF Managing Director Dominique Strauss-Kahn told Reuters.

“A non-perfect plan is better than no plan at all,” he said of the $700 billion bank bailout plan rejected by the U.S. House of Representatives on Monday.

Strauss-Kahn said restoring market confidence required the bailout plan to be passed quickly and for the U.S. public to understand what is at stake unless the economy starts to function properly again.

As the crisis has spread beyond Wall Street, European countries have stepped up their efforts to avoid bank defaults as concerns grew that more institutions would fail, prompting the Irish government to guarantee all bank deposits.

The lack of a pan-European regulator makes it more difficult to respond to the crisis in the event of the collapse of a big bank whose business crosses borders, Strauss-Kahn said.

“Developing a contingency plan does not mean it’s announcing a lot of trouble coming. But they’re not totally immune (from the U.S. financial crisis), and so they need to organize. At the European level this is totally needed.

“The EU rules make it much more difficult than in the U.S.,” to act across borders, he said. 

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Oil prices tumbled more than $6 a barrel Monday, briefly slipping below the $100 level as traders bet that global demand for petroleum products will keep falling despite a planned $700 billion U.S. financial bailout.

A stronger dollar also weighed on crude prices as investors who bought oil and other commodities as a hedge against inflation sold their contracts.

Light, sweet crude for November delivery fell as low as $99.80 a barrel in morning trading on the New York Mercantile Exchange, before edging up slightly to $100.28, down $6.61.

The contract fell Friday $1.13 to settle at $106.89. Crude has now fallen 31% since surging to an all-time record of $147.27 on July 11.

Monday’s sell-off was tied to anxiety over the pending U.S. rescue plan. Following a week of intense negotiations, lawmakers could hold a final vote on the emergency measure Wednesday.

But investors are doubtful whether the plan will be enough to unfreeze global credit markets and restore calm to the financial system.

Global credit markets remain extremely tight, crippling companies’ ability to raise capital and cover basic costs like payroll. If the economy weakens further, consumers and businesses around the globe would likely cut back on energy use even more, analysts say.

"The market is clearly questioning whether the bailout will be enough to prevent a stronger economic downturn. That obviously has potentially negative implications for oil demand growth," said Michael Wittner, global head of oil research at Societe Generale in London.

In another sign of declining U.S. demand for fuel, pump prices kept falling Monday. A gallon of regular slipped about a penny overnight to a new national average of $3.643, according to auto club AAA, the Oil Price Information Service and Wright Express.

The rescue plan would give the administration broad power to use hundreds of billions of taxpayer dollars to purchase devalued mortgage-related assets held by cash-starved financial firms.

Congress insisted on a stronger hand in controlling the money than the White House had wanted. The government would take over huge amounts of devalued assets from beleaguered financial companies in hopes of unlocking frozen credit.

Oil prices were also pushed down by a stronger dollar. Investors often buy crude futures as a hedge against a weakening dollar and inflation, and sell when the dollar strengthens.

While dollar gained as details of the bailout package become known, analysts said the euro was weaker also because of growing economic problems in Europe.

"It is also a question of the euro losing ground due to a continued deterioration in the euro zone," said Olivier Jakob of Petromatrix in Switzerland. "With the rate of bank failures increasing in Europe and the economy slowing more rapidly than expected, pressure will continue to mount on the [European Central Bank] to lower [interest] rates."

Foreign exchange rates

The 15-nation euro fell Monday to $1.4437 from $1.4614 on Friday.

In other Nymex trading, heating oil futures fell 14.51 cents to $2.8732 a gallon, while gasoline futures dropped 15.57 to $2.5094 a gallon. Natural gas futures lost 40.7 cents to $7.221 per 1,000 cubic feet.

In London, November Brent crude fell $5.73 to $97.81 a barrel on the ICE Futures exchange. 

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How much is good advice worth? At least one St. Louis company paid a director more than $1 million, most of it in stock that has since declined in value.

Other directors collected hundreds of thousands by serving on multiple boards.

For fiscal 2007, David M. Meyer, who serves as non-executive chairman of CPI Corp., got compensation worth $1.4 million from the company, which operates Sears Portrait Studios and other photography businesses. At CPI, he outearned many directors who serve on two or more boards. Meyer also drew $143,679 in pay as a director of Ashworth Inc., a California clothing maker.

Meyer is a co-founder of Knightspoint Partners LLC, a New York-based investment company that led a shareholder ouster of CPI directors in 2004. He served as the company’s interim chief executive until 2005.

Meyer’s pay includes $16,500 in cash and $7,810 in miscellaneous pay in addition to 28,253 shares of restricted stock valued at $1.4 million in the proxy statement. Meyer got a little over half of the shares for his help with an acquisition last year and the rest for unspecified services he provided to the company in 2006.

Meyer’s case illustrates one of the problems with the way companies are reporting pay for directors. They’re required to report the accounting expense of the compensation, not what directors actually received.

Until the restrictions on the shares expire, they’re carried on the company’s ledgers. When the value of the stock declines, its value on the books must be written down.

The stock Meyer received was valued at an average of $48.56 a share in the proxy, but CPI’s stock has fallen recently in value, hitting a low of $12.39 Aug. 21 and trading recently for less than $13 a share.

If the company marks the value of the shares down, it could mean that CPI will report Meyer’s pay as a negative number next year.

That’s exactly what happened at Brown Group.

The company, which had the highest paid director a year ago, this year reported that most of its directors lost money on their service to the company. Big gains in stock values that had been reported on last year’s proxy were reversed when the value of Brown Shoe stock fell from a high of $37.39 in February 2007 to $11.91 on Jan. 8.

Directors who deferred their pay saw the biggest declines. Brown defers pay into "stock units," which correspond in value to the company’s common stock. They’re paid out in cash when a director leaves the board.

Patricia McGinnis, who deferred all of her cash pay, was the area’s highest-earning director for 2006 at $754,358. Brown reported her 2007 pay as a negative $639,858. The company valued her stock-based pay at $699,858 for 2006 but as a negative $699,858 for 2007.

Brown Shoe said McGinnis’ negative stock award reflects a paper loss on deferred compensation from earlier years through 2006. For 2006, the number was positive, reflecting a gain in value through the end of 2006. For 2007, the company marked the value down because of the lower stock price, but it could not reduce the award by more than the amount it increased in 2006 fiscal year. Brown declined to provide further details.

According to Brown’s proxy, the figure the company reported doesn’t reflect the market value of the underlying stock or what McGinnis would receive if she left the board. That would depend on the number of stock units she had accumulated and the stock prices when she leaves.

Peter Lupo, managing director of Pearl Meyer & Partners, a New York-based compensation consulting firm, agrees that the way directors’ stock-based pay is reported can be confusing. If a company provides information about the amount of stock given and its vesting schedule, you can calculate the "consulting value" of the stock. However, assigning a value could be arbitrary if the company doesn’t tell you when the director got it.

This year’s second-highest paid director was Patrick T. Stokes, the former chief executive of Anheuser-Busch Cos. Stokes serves on the boards at A-B, Ameren Corp. and U.S. Bancorp. Altogether, Stokes took in $1.3 million, including $1.07 million from the two companies based here.

Stokes’ biggest paycheck, $927,018, came from his former employer, where he has a post-retirement consulting gig that paid $750,000 last year. A-B provides Stokes with an office and administrative help as well as transportation when he is providing the consulting service. It spent $390,000 on the office and other expenses for Stokes’ consulting arrangement last year.

Stokes’ consulting was due to end next August, but it will come to an early end as a result of Belgian giant InBev’s agreement to buy A-B. The deal is expected to close later this year.

August A. Busch III, also a former A-B chief executive, took home more than $1.1 million in pay for serving as a director of A-B and Emerson here and at AT&T of San Antonio.

Busch III’s $579,649 in pay from the brewery includes $392,168 for personal security and $16,992 in consulting fees. According to company documents, the company provides security at Busch’s home "in recognition of Mr. Busch III’s continued prominence resulting from his years of service to the company."

A-B also provides Busch with an office, administrative help and transportation when he consults for the company. It also pays some bills related to aircraft owned by Busch or companies in which he has an interest. Busch’s consulting and other post-retirement arrangements cost the brewer $635,000 over and above his director pay.

A-B paid another $407,611 to Ginnaire Rental Inc., a company that Busch owns, to lease aircraft for business use.

William P. Stiritz was the next-highest paid director at $818,233, including $610,622 from three St. Louis area companies. Stiritz, the former chief executive of Ralston-Purina Co., once served on more than 10 boards.

Stiritz, 74, has cut his board commitments in half. He now serves at Ralcorp Holdings Inc., Energizer Holdings Inc., Reliance Bancshares Inc., Macy’s and Vail Resorts Inc. Ralcorp and Energizer both were spun off from Ralston under Stiritz’s guidance. Ralcorp owns about 19 percent of Vail Resorts.

Public companies here spent amounts ranging from $93,500 to nearly $4 million on director pay last year.

Anheuser-Busch topped the list, spending $3.96 million on 15 directors, followed by Express Scripts Inc., which spent $2.66 million for 11 directors. Twenty-one boards spent more than $1 million.

Companies pay directors in cash, stock awards, stock options and miscellaneous pay, which can include travel for spouses, consulting fees and things like insurance or home security.

About 46 percent of the $46.6 million St. Louis companies paid directors here last year was cash — a combination of retainers, fees for attending meetings and extra pay for serving as committee chairmen. The pay total is for 339 outside directors occupying 363 board positions; some directors serve on multiple boards.

Another $16 million or 33 percent of pay was stock, and $7.5 million or 16 percent was in stock options. The amounts listed in these categories represented the company’s cost for the stock-based pay, not necessarily what directors will realize if they sell the stock or exercise the options.

Because this is the first year all St. Louis-based companies were required to disclose director pay, it’s almost impossible to determine whether director pay is increasing overall. Eleven companies increased the retainers they pay to directors. RehabCare Group and First Banks Inc., which were among a handful not paying director salaries in prior years, added them this year.

Some companies require directors to take all of their pay in stock or units that rise and fall in value along with the company’s stock. Others encourage it by giving directors a bonus for selecting stock rather than cash pay. Still others divide directors’ pay between stock and cash.

Corporate governance experts say that requiring directors to hold stock aligns their interests with those of other shareholders.

Arch Coal, for example, requires directors to defer $40,000 of their $120,000 retainer into a hypothetical investment in Arch stock, which is paid in cash when a director leaves the board.

Belden Inc. pays a $60,000 cash retainer and also gives directors restricted stock worth $115,000. Similarly, Charter Communications Inc. pays directors $40,000 in cash and gives them restricted stock worth $65,000.

At Emerson, $100,000 of each director’s $150,000 retainer is paid in restricted stock.

Express Scripts gives directors $115,000 in stock at the first meeting and a $200,000 grant every year in addition to a $30,000 cash retainer.

Bill Coleman, chief compensation officer for Salary.com, says he thinks it’s good for directors to hold stock because it aligns their interests with shareholders. However, he thinks directors’ pay should be kept pretty simple, with few benefits, because they should be paid for their knowledge and what they can contribute to the company.

jerristroud@post-dispatch.com | 314-340-8384

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HONG KONG — Nomura Holdings Inc., Japan’s largest brokerage, said Monday that it has agreed to buy the Asian operations of bankrupt U.S. investment bank Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. The deal includes Lehman’s businesses in Japan and Australia.

Nomura called the deal "a once-in-a-generation opportunity" for the Japanese brokerage house. The deal includes Leh-

man’s 3,000 employees in Asia, including its biggest regional offices in Japan and Hong Kong.

"It will significantly extend our reach in Asia. We see immediate strategic benefits, delivering the scale and scope to realize our vision to be a world-class investment bank," Kenichi Watanabe, Nomura’s chief executive, said in a statement.

The deal was valued at around $225 million, one person familiar with the matter told The Associated Press. Nomura did not give the value of the acquisition.

Meanwhile, Nomura also was close to clinching a deal for Lehman’s Europe businesses, another person familiar with the matter said. Nomura’s statement made no mention of the European operations.

THE ASSOCIATED PRESS

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Group of Seven nations welcomed the $700 billion U.S. markets bailout plan on Monday and said they were prepared to step up international cooperation to protect the world’s financial and banking system.

But a day after Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson said he was “aggressively” encouraging other countries to put in place bailout packages of their own, there was little sign other G7 governments were prepared to follow Washington’s lead.

“We pledge to enhance international cooperation to address the ongoing challenges in the global economy and world markets and maintain heightened close cooperation between finance ministries, central banks and regulators,” the G7 ministers said in a statement following a conference call on Monday lasting 15-20 minutes.

“We are ready to take whatever actions may be necessary, individually and collectively, to ensure the stability of the international financial system,” they said.

The statement, a few weeks before G7 finance ministers and central bank governors meet in Washington on October 10, follows a tumultuous week that started with the demise of Lehman Brothers and ended with one of the biggest financial rescues in history.

The conference call at 7:30 a.m. EDT, which was convened on Sunday, followed intense telephoning between senior officials over recent days and a preparatory call by deputies to the ministers and central bank governors, a G7 source told Reuters.

The statement said ministers welcomed the “extraordinary actions” taken by Washington to remove illiquid assets that have contaminated banks’ balance sheets and fuelled a financial crisis widely seen as the worst since the 1930s.

LITTLE APPETITE 

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The Bush administration widened the scope of its $700 billion plan to avert a financial meltdown by including assets other than mortgage-related securities.

The U.S. Treasury submitted revised guidance to Congress on its plan late yesterday as lawmakers and lobbyists push their own ideas. The department also adjusted its new plan to insure money-market funds to limit protection to balances as of Sept. 19, after complaints from bank lobbyists.

Officials made the changes two days after unveiling plans for an unprecedented intervention in financial markets in an effort to halt the deepening crisis. The change to potentially allow purchases of instruments such as car loans, credit-card debt and other devalued assets may force an increase in the size of the package as the legislation proceeds through Congress.

“The Treasury's thinking is to make it as big and wide as possible so they have the flexibility to act if need be,'' said Shane Oliver, Sydney-based head of investment strategy at AMP Capital Investors, which manages about $108 billion. “There have been losses on a whole range of U.S. debts and as the economy deteriorates in response to the housing slump those losses could escalate.''

Treasury officials now propose buying what they term troubled assets, without specifying the type, according to a document obtained by Bloomberg News and confirmed by a congressional aide.

`Significantly Higher'

“The costs of the bailout will be significantly higher than originally considered or acknowledged,'' said Josh Rosner, an analyst with independent research firm Graham Fisher & Co. in New York. “How, given these changes, can the administration and Federal Reserve believe they are being forthright in their unrevised expectation of future losses?''

Separately, the Treasury said in a statement late yesterday it would limit its $50 billion plan for insuring money-market funds to those held by investors as of Sept. 19, excluding any subsequent contributions.

The American Bankers' Association, which had expressed concern about the plan last week, praised the move, saying it would eliminate an incentive for savers to shift out of bank accounts into money-market funds. The Treasury put no limit on the money-market fund insurance, while the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. protects bank deposits up to $100,000.

“If all money market mutual funds had been included with the government guarantee moving forward, this proposal would have threatened to take money out of local FDIC-insured banks,'' Edward Yingling, president of the ABA in Washington, said in a statement.

International Scope

In its latest guidance on the bad-debt fund, the Treasury said firms that are headquartered outside the U.S. will now be eligible.

The changes come after two days of weekend talks between administration officials and congressional staff in Washington. Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson and Federal Reserve Chairman Ben S. Bernanke told lawmakers Sept. 18 that a comprehensive attack on the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression was critical after a series of government interventions failed to normalize markets.

Paulson on Sept. 19 announced his intention to seek legislation from Congress. Appearing on television talk shows yesterday he called for rapid passage of a bill. Congressional panels have scheduled two hearings this week on the crisis; Bernanke appears at a third hearing on the economic outlook.

Lawmakers are also seeking changes to Paulson's plan, which amounts to an unprecedented intervention in financial markets and would prevent courts from reviewing actions taken under its authority.

Lawmakers' Demands

Democrats are pressing for oversight through the Government Accountability Office, and for the inclusion of efforts to refinance mortgages for struggling homeowners. House Financial Services Committee Chairman Barney Frank wants limits on compensation of corporate executives who benefit from the program.

Republicans are urging limits on how any profits from the program could be spent.

“Just about everyone in the markets agrees the Paulson plan needs to be simple — unencumbered by complications and penalties,'' Christopher Low, chief economist at FTN Financial in New York, wrote in a note to clients. “Of course, Washington doesn't know how to do that.''

It was the third straight weekend of crisis work for Paulson and his Treasury colleagues. The previous week, Paulson and New York Fed President Timothy Geithner led talks with banks in an effort to avert the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. While Lehman did end up in bankruptcy, Merrill Lynch & Co. agreed to be taken over by Bank of America Corp.

Weekend Warrior

On Sept. 7, Paulson seized Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, the largest sources of U.S. mortgage financing, after the government-chartered, shareholder-owned companies failed to raise sufficient capital from private sources to satisfy regulators.

Late yesterday, the Fed approved requests from Goldman Sachs Group Inc. and Morgan Stanley, Wall Street's last two independent investment banks, to become bank holding companies.

“It's hard to say there are any illusions left'' about the seriousness of the financial crisis, said Jason Trennert, chief investment strategist at Strategas Research Partners in New York.

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Bankers and economists reacted with caution Friday to the broad outline of a government plan to take on troubled loans and other "bad" assets from banks in an attempt to unclog the nation’s financial system.

With most of the details yet to be worked out, bankers and others had more questions than criticisms of the plan. Treasury Secretary Henry M. Paulson, Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke and congressional leaders are expected to work out the details this weekend.

Left unclear were the answers to four key questions:

— What assets will the government accept, and what entity will accept them?

— Who will set the price for the assets?

— Will the government hold the assets for the long term, or will it sell them back into the market once the economy improves?

— Will the government accept assets from all banks, only large banks, or only the banks that are in trouble?

"I think action is certainly required," said Terrance McCarthy, chief executive of First Banks Inc. of Creve Coeur. But he was not sure taking bad loans off bank balance sheets would restore healthy sales of houses or free up the mortgage market.

Steve Marsh, president of Enterprise Bank & Trust in Clayton, said, "My initial reaction is that I’m glad to hear that there are serious proposals being considered because it’s clear that we’re facing unusual risk today."

Marsh said he was concerned about the burden the bailout could place on taxpayers. He said he hoped it would not benefit only the biggest banks. Marsh also expressed skepticism that a solution could be approved by Congress with elections less than seven weeks away.

 Radical rescue: Hundreds of billions for bailout

 Local bankers say Paulson had to act on “bad” assets

 NICKLAUS: In the short term, we are all going to be socialists

 NEWSWATCH: How much is TOO MUCH?

 NEWSWATCH: Will bailout help housing market?

 Wall Street ends wild week with biggest two-day rally in 38 years

 Area financial advisers survive storm

 STROUD: Market turbulence can test your level of risk tolerance

 Missouri regulators reassure AIG policyholders

 Credit market remains tight, but avoids collapse

Tom Chulick, chairman and chief executive of UMB Bank in St. Louis, said Paulson’s proposal calmed the market, but he wondered if the government can come up with an orderly means for assets to flow to and from whatever trust or institution the government designates.

"We think it’s going to be a net plus," Chulick said.

Todd Solomon, president of Pinnacle Financial Services Inc. in Chesterfield, said the plan could make it easier to get mortgages approved. Banks have been adding conditions on mortgages that can make it nearly impossible to close a deal. For example, he said, one lender asked that the borrower name it as a beneficiary of a life insurance policy.

Radhakrishnan Gopalan, an assistant finance professor at Washington University, said banks will have to take losses on the bad loans, even if they do sell them to the government. The loans now are difficult to value; removing them from the banks’ books could make bank financial statements more transparent and restore trust in the market, he said.

Anne Villamil, an economics professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, said she was concerned about how the losses from the financial institutions would be allocated among taxpayers and the private sector.

"I take (Paulson) at his word that this is designed to fix the fundamental problem," she said. At the very least, it will break the vicious cycle some institutions found themselves in of having their capital erode, being forced to raise more capital and then be downgraded because they had too much debt.

J. Fred Giertz, also an economist at Illinois, said he believed action was needed to "keep the financial system from exploding" and sending the economy into a long and severe recession or even a depression.

Although it may seem unfair that big banks and investment firms have gotten the most help from the government so far, the government had to do something to stop what could have been a deep downward spiral, Giertz said.

"It is a temporary fix, but if it’s done correctly and followed through on, it could be a step to a more stable situation," he said.

jerristroud@post-dispatch.com | 314-340-8384

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Premier Dalton McGuinty is shuffling his cabinet this afternoon to underscore the importance of attracting business and new investment to battered Ontario, which has shorn more than 200,000 manufacturing and forestry jobs in the past few years.

Sandra Pupatello moves from economic development to a new international trade and investment ministry.

Her old duties will be taken up by Michael Bryant, who moves from aboriginal affairs and remains House leader.

Labour Minister Brad Duguid succeeds Bryant at the always challenging aboriginal affairs ministry.

Duguid will be replaced by Tourism Minister Peter Fonseca.

The new tourism minister will be Monique Smith, whose responsibilities as revenue minister will be taken over by Finance Minister Dwight Duncan.

Lieutenant Governor David Onley will swear in McGuinty’s revamped cabinet at 3:30 p.m.

It’s unusual to have a cabinet shuffle just days before a new legislative session, suggesting the premier is highlighting the urgency of Ontario’s sagging economy.

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